Jenniffer Ochoa
PAS 113B
Professor Broadous
April 24 2012
The lesson learned through injustice
“I want to show them the difference between what they think you are and what you can be.” In the book “(Grant Wiggins),” (Gaines 192).
The book A Lesson before Dying is set in a small community in Cajun, during the late 1940’s. Where Jefferson, a 21 year old young black man being accused and convicted of a murder and robbery he did not commit. In which he is now sentenced to death through electrocution. Jefferson’s life was being put into a test in order for the white people in the community to gain a better understanding of the valuable nature of black people in society. Injustice was an essential impact throughout the book, in where they tried to control and blamed black people for undone crime, separating education due to color of skin, and making them seem uneducated.
Society throughout the book portrays and controls on how precisely black people should be and neglecting their innocence. “"They sentence you to death because you were at the wrong place at the wrong time, with no proof that you had anything to do with the crime” (P.9 Gaines) Despite Jefferson’s innocence throughout his trial, it would not matter if he had fought for his rights because everyone even his attorney was against his trial. “Guilty of robbery and murder in the first degree. Judge commended the twelve white men for reaching a quick and just verdict.” (P.11 Gaines) Certain people were wounded in how much consideration they had put though his trial as they showed no respect towards him.
Miss Emma; his godmother felt there was no point for her standing up and saying what she felt towards his trial, because she felt that her presence throughout her life has always been neglected. Ernest Gaines demonstrates in the book how, “Her dark face showed all the pain she had gone though this day […] No. the pain I saw in that face came from many years.” (P.13 Gaines) The quote clarifies how many years black people have always been the targeting points for unwanted crime, and regardless of their hard work they perform it has been seen as pointless. One thing in what black people could have only done was show courage and not let the dominant demolish their dignity. They only way in where the white people saw the African Americans was as slaves.
Jefferson was direct as a hog that was not worth more that. They were also portrayed in how he was only good for labor work based throughout judgment. The jury had implore him that he was, “A thing to load your bales of cotton, a thing to dig your ditches, to chop your wood, to pull your corn[…]Why, I would just as soon put a hog in the electric chair as this.” (Pg 8 Gaines) Instead of Jefferson being seen as a regular person with liberalism he was seen as a slave. They way they were showing respect to him linked to the way slaves were treated back in the mid 1800’s. In the article Conditions of antebellum slavery, distinguishes how, “Slaves did most of the work where they lived. Most of them worked in mines or on plantations, while some became servants. Some people thought that slavery was wrong, while the majority of people thought that slavery was acceptable.”(pbs.org)
Not only was treating the black people as slaves was an essential problem, but it was taken into the next level, in which they had separated their education and entertainments. “There was a white movie theater uptown; a colored movie theater back of town. There were two elementary schools uptown, one Catholic, one public, for whites; and the same back of town for colored.” (Pg.25 Gaines) Separating the schools and education led to injustice for the black people in several ways. One way in which it was unfair, was because as they divide things due to their color of skin, black people will always get the unsanitary places, with less material provided. “I don’t have all the books I need. In some classes I have two children studying out of one book […] some of the pages in the book are missing.” (P.57 Gaines) Black people were not offered the best education, but they did whatever possible to get sufficient study. Grant Wiggins was a teacher that had enough study to be educated but not even that mattered, especially to the white people.
On the other hand, even though black people will have intelligence they were not allowed to outsmart any dominant group. “Are you questioning me, Higgins?” (P. 57 Gaines) Grant was trying to prove a point of how they hardly have enough materials to teach his students to give them a brighter future, and correct the superintendent as he pronounces his name, but he had to dumb himself down and instead he remained silent. As he went to visit Jefferson in the cell he had to show manners to the sheriff even if they did not showed it in return. Not only did they neglect Grants intelligence but they presumed Jefferson’s knowledge. “I would call it a boy and a fool. A fool is not aware of right and wrong. A fool does what others tell him to do […] this skull here holds no plans.” (P. 7 Gaines) The white people presumed that every black person has no potential to be considered smart, and that is what they thought about Jefferson. The jury thought that he had no cleverness to plan out a murder, in which they portrayed him as an object instead of a human being.
Both Jefferson and Grant feel trapped by their fatalistic worldview. They believe there’s nothing they can do to change things. Grant’s teacher told him that, “It doesn’t matter anymore, […] just do the best you can but it won’t matter.”Grant felt he has been put into a challenge since he first started going to school, and learns that white people have tried to put him down so he would not feel more educated than anyone else, “Don’t be a dammed fool. I am superior to you. I am superior then any man blacker than me.” (P.65 Gaines) His teacher clarified on Grant does not give up on how less superior he has been feeling his whole life, in which he watches Jefferson transform into someone who can go heroically to the chair. He realizes he can also make changes and defy what is expected of him. By Grant teaching Jefferson how to die the proper way, not how everyone else expects him to die will make dominate groups change their way on how they perceive them. A way on how this correlates in today’s society is how people of color are seen less attractive then light skin people, and till now they have been tried to be demolished. The amount of injustice will begin to proliferate once again if black people do not stand up for what they believe is right.
Grant used his knowledge to make Jefferson understand the difference of what others thought about him and black people, and what he should do to change injustice."Do you know what a myth is, Jefferson? […] A myth is an old lie that people believe in. White people believe that they're better than anyone else on earth -and that's a myth. The last thing they ever want is to see a black man stand, and think, and show that common humanity that is in us all. It would destroy their myth. They would no longer give justification for having made us slaves and keeping us in the condition we are in. As long as none of us stand, they're safe.” Not only did he made Jefferson understand the concept of what others think of black people, but it made himself understand that he will never feel free if he does not make a move towards this situation. “Going to Bayonne, where I can breathe, […] I can’t breathe here.” (P.14 Gaines) Grant has been avoiding all the negativity that has been surpassing him, while he feels he needs to run away. But helping Jefferson made him realized something beneficial has to be done to put a stop in all this unfairness going on.
However, Grant Wiggins and Miss Emma depended on Jefferson making a change, because with that change he makes he can enhance the rights of the black people once had. Around this time, 1940’s; life for black people was arduous to maintain freedom without them not being liked and feel less valued. Jefferson at the end clarifies, “Mr wigin tell them m strong tell them im a man” (Gaines). At the end Jefferson shows dignity and shows courage as soon as he is walking towards his death. “I probably would not have noticed it at all had a butterfly, a yellow butterfly with dark spots like ink dots on its wings, not lit there. What had brought it there? […]I watched it fly over the ditch and down into the quarter, I watched it until I could not see it anymore. Yes, I told myself. It is finally over” (Gaines). Grant did not only make a change on Jefferson’s life but also for black people in general. He, himself put up with the humiliation he went through just to teach him a lesson. It also shows that he was inconsiderate what others had thought of Jefferson’s situation, and was determined to accomplish his goal he had assurred.
At this point Grant realizes that Jefferson really did learn a ‘lesson before dying.’ When Grant says, “It is finally over,” (Gaines), He is not only referring to Jefferson’s life, but also that his cowardly nature is “finally over.” He has once and for all taken a stand for what he believes in. This insures that he too, has benefited from this entire experience. Jefferson’s life was sacrificed in order for the white people in the community to gain a better understanding of the valuable nature of the black members of society, also for they could have justice for all not just one certain group of people. In the end Jefferson proves them he is a man and he was the only one being brave at the day of his death. Now that Jefferson life has been taken away many people of color will highly have a better possibility in life and wouldn’t be less valued as they were.
African Americans are found hopeless, and without them standing up for their pride, life for them wall get even worse. White people have always thought they have the power to control others and make them feel less wanted, but Jefferson in the ending of the book proves a point. He proves and shows them the difference between what they think he was and what he really was. They believed he was anything crucial but a man, and at the end he stands up in his two feet and makes them question themselves. It was not easy for Jefferson to learn the lesson, but with the help of Grant Wiggins he and Jefferson learn that if you want to stand up for justice and in what you believe in you need to speak up and prove others wrong.
Work Cited
"Conditions of Antebellum Slavery." PBS. PBS, 2004. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2956.html/
Gaines, Ernest J. A Lesson before Dying. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1993. Print.
Poet, Ghetto. "Universal Journal/AYJW - Articles, Papers, Essays - Association of Young Journalists and Writers." The Association of Young Journalists, AYJW - News Media, Travel, Games, and More - College and Media Directory. 11 Jan. 2000. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. http://www.ayjw.org/articles.php?id=737320.